Qhov peb thawj xim ntawm lub teeb yog liab, ntsuab thiab xiav. Hauv lwm lo lus, peb xim ntawm lub teeb tom qab tov, tuaj yeem tsim lub teeb dawb. Tom qab liab kev coj tau tsim, thiaj li yuav pab tau cov kev coj ua tiav kev lag luam, qhov tsim muaj cov ntsuab thiab xiav coj los ua qhov kev tshawb fawb soj ntsuam.
Rau kev siv loj-loj siv coj los muab cov pob zeb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws yog cov kws tshawb fawb Amano Hao, Stanley Yong thiab ob lub zos. Nyob rau hauv 2014, lawv yeej Nobel nqi zog hauv Physics rau inventing xiav LEDs, xiav coj.
Nyob rau yav tav su ntawm lub Peb Hlis 11, Xib Fwb Amano ntawm University of Nagoya tau hais lus hauv Shanghai Science Hall, sib koom nws txoj kev paub txog kev xiav LEDs thiab qhov teeb meem tam sim no thiab lub hom phiaj ntawm cov ntawv thov LED.
Piv nrog rau lwm cov kws tshawb fawb kom paub txog xiav LEDs thaum lub sij hawm, Amano thiab nws tus cob qhia, Stanley Yong, tau xaiv ib qho kev tsis tshua txaus siab los ua kev tshawb nrhiav. Nws luag tias nws yuav tau txais ib txoj koob hmoov kom tau qhov kev sib tw ntawm lub suab ntxhe, tab sis nws tsis yooj yim xav.
"Lub sijhawm ntawd, kuv tsis tau paub tias qhov kev kawm no nyuaj npaum li cas, thawj qhov kawm txog qhov pom ntawm LED, yog los pab txhawb lub ntiaj teb, raws li lub tswv yim no kom muaj kev ruaj khov." "
Muaj ntau cov lus qhuab qhia hauv scene ntawm Fudan, Tongji, Jiaotong University cov tub ntxhais kawm hauv kev loj tshaj plaws, Amano qhov kev ceeb toom zaum kawg, "Yog tias koj tau hesitation rau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav, Kuv vam tias koj tuaj yeem rov qab rau koj npau suav ntawm kev pib taw tes, xav txog vim li cas koj ua qhov kev tshawb fawb no. " "
Blue LEDs ua kom pom tseeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb
Amano
Thaum xub thawj, txoj kev tshawb fawb tsis yog kev cia siab.
Nyob rau hauv lub xyoo pua 20th, qhov tseem ceeb siv tib neeg teeb pom kev zoo yog cov roj teeb nyob rau hauv. Lub teeb pom kev zoo, tsim los ntawm Edison nyob rau thaum xaus ntawm lub xyoo pua puv npo, yog lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm cua sov rau lub xeev tau siv, siv thermal hluav taws xob kom pom lub teeb pom. Nws tuaj yeem xav hais tias thaum lub teeb ntawm lub teeb pom kev zoo, ib feem ntawm lub zog tau ua cua sov, poob yog qhov teeb meem loj heev.
Cov kws tshawb fawb Amelikas tau tsim cov hlua liab liab hauv xyoo 1960. Piv nrog lub teeb roj teeb, LED teeb-emitting diode muaj tsawg voltage, me me tam sim no thiab kev luminous efficiency, uas ua tau ib qhov chaw ntawm lub cim tshiab ntawm lub teeb.
Xyoo 1974, Green LED tsim tau. Tom qab ntawd, cov soj ntsuam ntawm tsom xyuas cov xiav LEDs ntawm silicon carbide (sic), zinc selenide (ZnSe) thiab gallium nitride (Gan).
Ntau tus neeg tau ua tsis tau tom qab lawv sim ua rau nitrium nitride, tab tom nrhiav rau lwm cov ntaub ntawv uas zoo li ntau dua.
Tab sis qee cov neeg tsis tau poob siab, uas yog, xib fwb ntawm Amano Hao xib fwb Chi Yong. Red Qi Yong Thaum lub sij hawm hauv lub tuam txhab ua kev tshawb fawb, gallium nitride tsis yog kev tshawb nrhiav xiav kub, muaj coob tus neeg qhia nws tsis ua qhov kev tshawb fawb, Chi Yong rau txoj kev tshawb nrhiav tsiv mus rau University of Nagoya. 1982, Amano University tom qab kawm tiav hauv Red Qi Yong Studio, pib hu rau xiav kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Nyob rau hauv ib qho khoom siv tsis zoo, tsis muaj nyiaj tsis zoo, qhov kev tshawb fawb txoj kev thaum pib ntawm qhov kev sib tw rugged, tab sis Amano tsis tu, tab sis ib lub headlong rau txoj kev tshawb no.
"Kuv xav tias qhov no kuj yog ib qho koob hmoov, hauv qhov kev taw qhia no thaum kawg tsis muaj leej twg los nrog koj sib tw nrog, kom saib xyuas kev tshawb fawb." "
LED teeb pom kev zoo yog ua tau tom qab tsim tus qauv ntawm xiav LED
Hnub Tsav Xeeb Huag nco, lub sijhawm ntawd, xiav coj kev tshawb nrhiav thiab kev loj hlob muaj peb qho teeb meem loj: thawj zaug, tsis tuaj yeem tsim cov tshuaj nitrate nitride crystallization, qhov thib ob tsis yog ua rau cov roj nitrite P-hom hlws ris, qhov thib peb yog tsim kom muaj lub siab illumination ntawm gallium nitride muaju.
"Kuv xav tias yog qhov xiav coj tau ua tiav, nws yuav tsim ib qho qauv tshiab uas yuav hloov lub ntiaj teb," nws hais. Amano tau hais tias nws tau pib kawm, pib tuav lub tswv yim ntawm lub ntiaj teb.
Tom qab nkag mus rau Stanley-Yong Studio, Amano thiab lwm tus menyuam kawm ntawv ua raws li cov kev tshawb fawb ntawm Chi-yong rau hauv nitrite nitrate.
Kev tshawb nrhiav tau nyuaj heev rau lub sijhawm, thiab lawv xav tau ib qho kev sim ntaus nqi txog li 100 lab yen, tab sis lub studio tsuas yog 2.7 lab rau 3.1 lab rov. Yuav kom kawm tau cov kev tshawb fawb, cov tub ntxhais kawm ua ke los sib tham txog lawv cov khoom siv sim, siv ntau hom "av" los daws teeb meem.
Amano tau pom ib daim duab ntawm ib qho twj uas lawv ua, "nws tseem ceeb heev kom muaj lub raj mis hauv daim duab." Qhov kev sim ua rau lub coil, thiab qhov loj ntawm lub kauj yog sib npaug ntawm lub cheeb ntawm lub raj mis, peb ua cov kauj ncig ntawm lub npoo npias. "
Amano Undergraduate 3 xyoo, Tus tswv lub 2 xyoo tau raug tso rau hauv kev ntsuam xyuas gallium nitride, tab sis ho tsis pom qhov kev pom zoo ntawm kev sib luag. Tsev neeg tsis tau txhawb nws txoj kev tshawb nrhiav "tuag pob", tau nres nws cov nqi kawm ntawv, nws tau txais txiaj ntsig zoo, nws tseem muaj peev xwm mus txuas ntxiv mus rau qhov kev kawm ntawm tus kws kho mob.
Hauv xyoo kawg ntawm Master's degree, Amano tau txais kev txhawb los ntawm ib tug xib fwb hauv kev sab laj, kev xav ua ib txheej tsis sib luag ntawm ib lub sapphire substrate thiab tom qab ntawd ua cov dej crystal nitrate rau nws. Nws muaj pov thawj tias hom no tuaj yeem ua tau rau hauv cov roj nitrite crystallization uas muaj crystallinity siab, thiab qhov kev paub ntawm qhov kev siv roj ntsha no yog ib qho "Crythth Technologies breakthrough" ntawm xiav tus qauv tsim.
Tom qab ntawd, lub sijhawm ntawm Dr. Amano, Chi-Yong Studio tau ua tiav zoo li P-zoo li cov pob txha. Raws li cov kev tshawb fawb no, hauv xyoo 1993, Tuam Tshoj Lub Zos kho ob lub tswv yim ua kom muaj lub teeb ci ntsa iab coj, coj cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab ua kom pom hauv daim ntawv thov.
Cov nyiaj ntau npaum li cas cov LED yuav ua kom muaj kev txuag hluav taws xob
Ntau npaum li cas pab tau lub LED ua kom txuag hluav taws xob? Amano hais, raws li qhov txheeb cais, yog hais tias lub teb chaws wide-spread LED teeb pom kev zoo hauv Nyij Pooj, txuag tau 7%.
Qhov kev txuag hluav taws xob, txav teeb pom kev zoo no kuj yog ib qho kev pabcuam zoo rau kev tiv thaiv kev coj noj coj ua hauv nroog. Mongolia kuj muaj ntau tus neeg los tswj cov kev coj noj coj haus huv, tsis muaj lub hwjchim ruaj khov, ua rau cov teebmeem ntawm lawv lub teeb ci ntsa iab tau zoo tshaj plaws, tabsis tseem nyob hauv cov tsev pheeb suab saib TV.
"Kuv zoo siab heev tau hnov tias." Cov LEDs tuaj yeem ci li 1.5 billion tib neeg nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb tsis muaj infrastructure. "Amano hais.
Ntxiv rau cov teeb pom kev zoo thiab cov teeb pom kev zoo, cov crystallization ntawm gallium nitride tau siv rau lwm yam kev txuag hluav taws xob.
Cov tsav tsheb siv ntau lub zog tshaj qhov teeb pom kev zoo. Nyiv nyob rau hauv lub cev muaj zog 100% siv cov inverter mus ua kom tau kev siv hluav taws xob. Tab sis tus inverter nyob rau hauv tus txheej txheem ntawm hloov DC lub zog mus rau lwm yam tam sim no, yuav muaj li 5% ntawm lub zog poob, tom qab ntau kev hloov, txog Ib-feem ntawm lub zog yuav poob.
Amano hais tias lub inverter yuav silicon cov khoom siv rau semiconductor rau gallium nitride, qhov loj yuav ua ib feem kaum ntawm silicon, poob kuj yuav txo mus rau tus thawj ib-feem kaum. Kev tshawb fawb los ntawm University of Nagoya qhia tseeb tias qhov no yuav txuag tau 10% ntawm hluav taws xob hauv Nyiv.
Hais txog lub neej yav tom ntej, lub Japanese txee lub tsev envisages yog "Ultra Intelligent Society", yog siv cov ntaub ntawv loj los ua cov ntaub ntawv ntawm cov sij hawm thiab cov tswv yim ntawm real-time, "cov ntaub ntawv loj heev yuav tsum nce tus zaus, tau ua rau kom muaj tus kab mob kis tau tus mob no tseem yog cov khoom siv roj nitrate. " "
Tsis tas li ntawd, Amano kuj tau koom tes nrog txoj kev sib sib zog nqus ultraviolet coj, cov LED kuj yog tsim los ntawm cov roj nitrate nyoos khoom. Tus tua E. coli mus txog 99.9%.
Raws li UN statistics, 663 plhom leej thoob ntiaj teb tuaj yeem tsis siv dej haus tsis zoo, thiab 2.4 lab tus tib neeg tsis muaj cov chaw tu huv. UV LEDs tuaj yeem ua rau kom siv dej huv rau cov neeg no. "
"Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb yuav tsum yog los pab cov neeg thoob ntiaj teb"
Nobel Prize muab ib cov lag luam, kev kawm txog cov ntsiab lus ntawm lub sij hawm los ua pov thawj nws cov nqi yuav yog lub npe ntawm Nobel.
Nyob rau hauv 21 xyoo tom qab xiav coj tau tsim, LED tau siv ntau yam li ib yam tshiab ntawm lub zog. 2014, Chi Yong, Amano, Nakamura ob vim yog kev koom tes ntawm xiav coj los qhia txog Nobel nqi zog hauv physics. "Lub tswv yim ntawm Blu-Ray LED tso cai rau peb tsim teeb pom kev dawb hauv ib txoj hauv kev tshiab," tus nqi lus hais tias. Nrog rau kev yug me nyuam teeb, peb muaj lub cev ntau dua, ntau dua tshiab siv los hloov lub teeb ci qub. "
Amano hais tias nws yeej qhov Nobel Prize yog tag kev npaj txhij txhua, nws tawm ntawm Nagoya rau Frankfurt, txawm tias tsis muaj hmoog rau qhov teeb meem no. Ntau tus Japanese tau cov xov xwm tos rau nws ntawm lub tshav dav hlau, tawm ntawm lub tshav dav hlau Amano xav tias lawv tseem tos tus entertainer, tsis meej tsis mus rov qab mus rau qhov teeb meem, qhov tshwm sim yog ib tug reporter hu ua Live.
"Nov yog thawj zaug uas kuv tau hnov ntawm kuv tus kheej lub zog."
Amano hais tias qhov kev qhuas yog yam zoo heev, tab sis tsis muaj tus neeg tshawb nrhiav yog qhov khoom plig thiab kev tshawb fawb. Lawv cov menyuam kawm ntawv lub sijhawm, 365 hnub ntawm ib xyoo 364 hnub hauv txoj haujlwm, tsuas yog Xyoo Tshiab nyob rau tom tsev. Ua kev tshawb fawb los ntawm 10 thaum sawv ntxov mus txog ob lossis peb nyob hauv nruab nrab ntawm qhov tsaus ntuj, ntxiv rau kev noj haus tsis nres, "tsis muaj sij hawm ua lwm yam, tsis yog ua, vim kev tshawb nrhiav yog kev lom zem heev." "
Nws tau hais ntau zaus hais tias cov kws tshawb fawb tshawb fawb tau tshawb nrhiav hauj lwm kom pab tau cov neeg thoob plaws ntiaj teb. "Nws tau raug qhia tsis ntev los no tias 8 tus neeg nplua nuj nyob hauv lub ntiaj teb no nyiaj rau ib nrab ntawm cov neeg pluag ntawm lub ntiaj teb cov neeg pluag, thiab kev tshawb fawb tsis ua hauj lwm rau cov neeg no," Kuv nrees ntseeg. Tsis ntev los no, kev ua phem tau ua ntau lub ntsiab lus, thiab Gini coefficient tau hloov ntau heev hauv xyoo 1980, thiab kuv ntseeg tias cov cuab yeej technology thiab science yog cov cuab yeej zoo tshaj plaws los tshem tawm qhov phem tshwm sim. "
