Nyob rau hauv lub lens super telephoto, APL lens yog yuav luag synonymous nrog high-end lo ntsiab muag. APO, yog lub ntsiab lus ntawm lus Askiv apochromatic, lub ntsiab lus "compound achromatic". Cov tshuaj fluorite lens, ad iav, khob iav, Ed iav, hauv kev ntsuam xyuas zaum kawg, yog ua kom tiav cov cuab yeej APO siv hauv cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb. Qhov lens achromatic yog lub lens uas muaj peev xwm tshem tawm chromatic aberration ntawm ib tug ntau ntawm cov xim (ntau tshaj ob hom). Cov lenses tsis zoo (chromatic) tsuas yog siv los tshem tawm xim txawv ntawm ob xim.
Dispersion: qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis yog tsuas yog ntsig txog lub cev ntawm cov khoom siv xwb, tab sis kuj yog rau lub wavelength ntawm lub teeb. Cov khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo tib yam, qhov luv dua lub wavelength, qhov siab dua ntawm qhov ntsuas index. Tshwj xeeb, tib hom iav iav, lub teeb ntsuab dua liab tsis ua kom pom, thiab xiav lub teeb dua li ntsuab refractive index siab. Txuj txawv cov ntaub ntawv zoo li yuav txawv dispersion. Yog tias cov khoom muaj qhov loj txhawm rau qhov hloov ntawm qhov hloov raws li lub wavelength hloov, peb xav hais tias cov khoom yog "high dispersion". Conversely, nws yog hu ua "qis dispersion". Feem ntau, qhov ntsuas ntawm cov khoom siv los ntawm NE (lub ntsuas qis ntawm cov khoom mus rau ntsuab e-lub teeb), thiab cov txheeb ze ntawm cov khoom no yog sawv cev los ntawm Abbe thiab = (ne-1) / (NF -NC). Lub siab dua tus naj npawb ntawm Abbe, lub me lub dispersion. Hauv cov mis, tsab ntawv thib ob yog cov ntawv teev npe, qhia txog lub wavelength ntawm qhov kab ntawm cov Fraunhofer. F yog xim liab, E ntsuab, C yog xiav. Txhua ntawm Fraunhofer thiab Fermi cov kab muaj ib lub sij hawm ruaj ruaj, yog li ua qhov qauv wavelength hauv kev kho qhov muag.
Chromatic aberration: Los ntawm tus qauv hauv geometrical optics, lub lens yog sib npaug ntawm cov lens monolithic convex. Lub focal ntev ntawm lub lens lens yog muaj feem xyuam rau qhov curvature ntawm ob sab ntawm daim iav thiab qhov ntsuas ntawm cov iav. Yog hais tias lub lens duab yog tsau, nws tsuas yog ntsig txog qhov kev ntsuas qis ntawm cov khoom siv lens! Vim tias cov khoom siv kho qhov muag muaj xim, tib lub lens, rau qhov kaj liab, muaj qhov ntev ntawm ib lub ntsiab lus ntev me ntsis; rau Blu-txoj sab ci, lub focal ntev yog ib nyuag me ntsis. Qhov no hu ua "chromatic aberration".
Nrog lub chromatic aberration ntawm lub lens, yeej muaj ob peb shortcomings:
1. Vim tias qhov txawv ntawm lub focal ntev, qhov taw tes tsis tuaj yeem ua kom zoo rau hauv cov duab zoo meej, li ntawd cov duab plooj;
2. Ib yam li ntawd, vim muaj qhov ntxoov ntxoo focal ntev, ces qhov loj tuaj yog qhov sib txawv, qhov ntug ntawm lub teeb ntawm lub teeb thiab ntxoov ntxoo yuav muaj ntug ntawm cov zaj sawv.
Achromatic: Kev siv cov roj pleev txawv hauv qab, txawv xim ntawm iav ua ke, tuaj yeem tshem tawm cov xim txawv. Piv txwv li, siv cov tshuaj tsis tshua muaj zog, ua kom tsis muaj teeb meem me me li lub lens convex, siv cov kev ntsuas siab siab, siab dispersion iav kom tau concave, thiab muab cov kua nplaum ua ke. Yuav kom ob qho kev sib txuas yog qhov sib npaug ntawm lub lens convex, tus qub (Convex lens) diopter loj, qhov tom kawg (concave) diopter me dua. Peb txheeb xyuas qhov kev txuam ntawm qhov khub ntawm ob lub iav tsom iav ntawm ntau lub teeb ntawm lub teeb: kom ntev dua qhov ntev ntawm lub teeb, vim tias cov loj dispersion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv concave, uas yog, lub ntsuas qis qis txawv nrog lub wavelength, qhov ntsuas qis dua yog tsawg dua qhov nruab nrab wavelength, cov lens convex plays lub luag hauj lwm loj, thiab ntev ntev wavelength kawg ntawm ob npaug Rau qhov luv luv wavelengths ntawm lub teeb, vim hais tias qhov concave dispersion loj loj, uas yog, qhov ntsuas qis qis nrog lub wavelength hloov loj loj, loj dua, cov khoom siv ua yeeb yam loj heev, qhov txuas ob lub qhov ntev ntawm qhov ntev ntawm lub focal ntev yog ntev dhau lawm. * Qhov xaus yog raws li nram no: lub focal ntev ntawm lub ob-bonding iav yog luv, ntev ntawm ntev wavelength thiab luv luv-lub teeb lub teeb ntev dua. Obviously, nruab nrab wavelength yog lub hav, thiab nws muaj tsom me me ncig nws! Qhov tsim ntawm kev tsim nyog ntawm lens curvature, ob lub hnab bonding iav, koj tuaj yeem ua lub teeb xiav, liab focal ntev yog raws nraim sib npaug, qhov no yeej tshem tawm cov chromatic aberration. Qhov seem chromatic aberration rau lub dav dav rau Energizer lens, twb heev me me, yog li ntawd, kuj satisfies lub lens achromatic yuav tsum tau.
Ob lub chav spectrum: Lub lens ntawm lub tsos nqaij daim tawv tsub kom nrog lub teeb wavelength, lub focal ntev nce monotonically, lub chromatic aberration yog loj heev. Lub focal ntev ntawm lub achromatic lens decreases nrog lub wavelength thawj thiab ces nce, thiab lub chromatic aberration yog heev me me. Achromatic lens residual chromatic aberration hu ua "Class two Spectrum"! Kev hloov ntawm focal ntev ntawm qhov ntxoov ntxoo txawv los ntawm qhov thib ob-txheej txheem spectrum tsis yog tsawg dua 2 ntawm ib txhiab focal ntev, uas yog, ntev lub lens focal ntev, qhov ntau tsis muaj peev xwm ua tau raws li qhov yuav tsum tau. Thaum qhov zoo ntawm lub lens yog siab, qhov ob-theem spectrum ntawm lub lens telephoto tsis tau neglected! Thiaj li yuav tshem tawm cov nyhuv ntawm ob-theem spectrum rau lens zoo, technology ntawm complex achromatic chromatic aberration yog tswvcuab.
Txoj kev xav tsis zoo: Nws muaj peev xwm yuav xav tias yog tias cov khoom uas muaj qhov pauv hloov hauv qhov kev ntsuas ntawm cov nqi yuav tsum yog tswj hwm, ces peb yuav tsim tau qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws nyob txhua qhov chaw, tsis tag li uas tsis muaj chromatic aberration ntawm lub lens! Hmoov tsis, tus dispersion ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsis raug cai tswj, thiab cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag muaj tsawg heev ntawm hom! Peb siv ib kauj ruam rov qab, yog tias pom kab yuav pom tau muab faib ua xiav-ntsuab, ntsuab-liab ob lub sij hawm, thiab ob cheeb tsam no siv tau cov cuab yeej siv achromatic, ob theem zuj zus tuaj yeem tshem tawm! Tab sis, hmoov tsis, qhov kev suav pov thawj ua pov thawj tias yog lub teeb ntsuab thiab liab xim achromatic, ces xiav xim yuav ua loj heev, yog lub teeb xiav thiab ntsuab ntsuab achromatic, ces xim liab yuav loj heev! Nkawd tau taug kev mus rau hauv qhov kawg tuag, txoj kev tawv ncauj ob theem siab zoo li tsis muaj txoj kev los tua!
Qhov zoo, qhov kev ua theoretical yog ib txoj kev los tua cov chromatic aberration. Nws tau raug pom tias yog tias cov khoom uas tsis tshua muaj siab pom ntawm cov khoom luaj ntawm lub rooj sib txuas convex, tus txheeb ze chromatic ntawm lub teeb ntsuab yog raws nraim tib yam li cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov khoom siv hauv cov khoom siv, cov xim txawv ntawm lub teeb ntsuab yog tshem tawm tom qab lub chromatic aberration ntawm xiav thiab liab. Qhov kev tshawb xav no qhia qhov tseeb kom paub cov chromatic aberration, uas yog nrhiav ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag tshwj xeeb, nws tus txheeb ze dispersion ntawm lub teeb liab yuav tsum tsis tshua qis, thiab Blu-txoj sab ci mus rau sab nraud ntawm tus txheeb ze dispersion yuav tsum siab heev thiab ib yam qee cov khoom siv siab dispersion tib yam! Fluorite yog zoo li cov khoom tshwj xeeb uas nws cov dispersion yog tsawg heev (tus Abbe muaj txog li 95.3), thaum qee tus neeg tus txheeb ze yog ze rau ntau lub iav iav!
Cov tshuaj fluoride (xws li calcium fluoride, molecular CaF2) refractive index kuj tsis tshua muaj (nd = 1.4339), me ntsis soluble hauv dej (0.0016g / 100g dej), workability thiab tshuaj ruaj khov yog neeg pluag, tab sis vim nws qhov kev ua haujlwm zoo, khoom siv kho qhov muag zoo! Xwm siv tau rau cov ntaub ntawv kho qhov muag ntawm cov ntshiab ntau fluorite tsawg heev, yog li fluorite * yog siv hauv lub tshuab xwb. Txawm hais tias lub focal ntev ntawm lub tshuab tsom qhov lens tsis tshua muaj luv, ob theem zuj zus tseem yog mob taub hau vim yog cov duab loj loj thiab kev daws teeb meem siab. Txij li thaum cov khoom tsim tawm ntawm fluorite artificial crystallization, Super lens telephoto lens nyob rau hauv cov tshuaj fluorite yog cov khoom tsis zoo, cov xim fluorite yuav luag ua cov ntsiab lus nrog high-end lo ntsiab muag! Vim tias muaj cov nqi tshuaj fluorite, cov teeb meem kev lag luam, cov chaw muag khoom kho qhov muag tsis tau siv zog los nrhiav tus neeg hloov cov tshuaj fluorite. Fluorine coronal iav yog ib qho ntawm lawv. Lub khw hu ua iav, Ed iav, UD iav, feem ntau yog ib qho chaw hloov.
Obviously, vim lub siab tus nqi ntawm txoj achromatic cov ntaub ntawv, kev teeb meem, kim heev, yog li ntawd tsuas yog siv nyob rau hauv high-xaus lo ntsiab muag. Correspondingly, lwm yam ntawm qhov tsim ntawm cov lo ntsiab muag no yuav tsum kuj phim tus nqi, cov kev txhim kho. Txawm li cas los xij, yog hais tias muaj qis dua tus nqi ntawm cov khoom siv achromatic, txawm tias qhov kev kawm tsis zoo, nws yuav pab tau lawv siv nyob rau hauv nruab nrab-lens, txhim kho qhov kev ua tau zoo ntawm cov lenses no. Tab sis, tsawg kawg yog tam sim no, qhov nruab nrab ntawm cov lens tsis tau siv cov tshuaj fluorite los ua cov khoom siv achromatic!
Tsawg dispersion iav: Lub chromatic aberration uas ua los ntawm cov pob dispersion tsis tshua muaj me me, yog li cov residual chromatic aberration tom qab achromatic tseem tus me me, uas yog heev lig rau txoj kev txhim kho cov lens zoo. Nyob rau tib lub sij hawm, nyob rau hauv xyoo tsis ntev los no, ib tug series ntawm high refractive index qis dispersion iav (tsuas yog lanthanum tsawg ntiaj teb iav) yog saws, lub lens zoo dua ntxiv. Lub siab txhim kho Performance index iav ua tau zoo ib yam ntawm lub lens me me, vim li ntawd, ntau lub aberrations, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog qis qis dua qis, ua rau lub lens ntim txo, tus qauv yog yooj yim, thiab qhov zoo tuaj lawm. Txawm li cas los, tom qab tag nrho, nws ua tsis tau ib qho nyuaj achromatic
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